The republic of Portugal is on the Iberian Peninsula in southern Europe, bordered by the Atlantic to the west and south and Spain to the North. The Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal. It has a population of some 10 million inhabitants.
Portugal has a warm Mediterranean climate in the south but is colder and wetter in the north where the winters in the mountains are very cold. The main river, the Tagus, splits Portugal with the north featuring mountains with plateaus cut by river valleys and the south having rolling plains. The Azores and Madeira have a subtropical humid climate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream.